And in vivo, by mining the microarray data of chronic hepatitis B (CHB) liver (GSE83148) (29–31) and HBV-infected human-liver chimeric mice (GSE52752), we found that EPN3 was highly expressed in the HBV-infected liver, compared to the uninfected controls (Supplementary Figure 4). Here, EPN3 is linked to chronic hepatitis B virus infection.