In addition to significantly lower DF proportions, mean end-diastolic and average diastolic KE in heart failure patients, Stoll et al. found that derangements in diastolic KE values correlated with brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) levels, New York Heart Association (NYHA) classification, functional capacity as well as myocardial cellular energetics. This evidence concerns the gene NPPB and heart failure.