TREM1 and Sepsis: TREM-1 plays multiple roles in regulating the host's antimicrobial immune responses, on the one hand, it can cooperate with toll-like receptor (TLR) to promote the release of proinflammatory cytokines/chemokines upon the infection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis, which contributes to the host defense against microbial challenges during both the early-induced and adaptive phases (21), and on the other hand, the release of sTREM-1 was also reported to be an amplifier of the SIRS associated with sepsis (22).