To confirm the role of NADPH oxidase in AOPPs-induced AF cell senescence, we pre-incubated cells with two NADPH oxidase inhibitors: Setanaxib (GKT137831, Selleck) (GKT) and Apocynin (NSC2146, Selleck) (APO), before AOPPs exposure, respectively. This evidence concerns the gene FMO5 and atrial fibrillation.