MAPK1 and cancer: Later, we also identified possible mechanism activity from CCA-1.1 in breast cancer and colorectal cancer cells, including cell cycle arrest at the mitotic phase, induced a high amount of intracellular ROS that led to cell senescence, as well as attenuated cancer cells migration through inhibition of MMP-9 activity.36-40 Additionally, bioinformatic analysis of CCA-1.1 revealed several possible target genes, including TP53, MAPK1, and ERBB2 in colorectal cancer.41 The overall results showed that CCA-1.1 might replace PGV-1.