PTK2 and breast carcinoma: We also observed the downregulation of tubulointerstitial nephritis antigen-like 1 (TINAGL1) (Fig. 1e right; C4), which has been previously shown to exhibit a tumour suppressive role in breast cancer through binding to epithelial integrin α5β1, αvβ1, and epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), inhibiting focal adhesion kinase (FAK) and EGFR signal transduction53.