AKT1 and neoplasm: It has been suggested that MSCs exhibit their tumor inhibitory effects by inhibiting the Wnt and AKT signaling pathways,88 reducing the angiogenesis process,89 stimulating inflammatory cell infiltration,90 and inducing tumor cell cycle arrest and apoptosis.91 To date, the exact functions of MSCs in both protumour and antitumor activities are still a controversial issue across the stem cell field.