LCN2 and acute kidney injury: In recent decades, several kidney injury biomarkers, including cystatin C (CysC), neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL), kidney injury molecule 1 (KIM-1), interleukin-18 (IL-18), liver-type fatty acid-binding protein (L-FABP), tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase 2 (TlMP-2), and insulin-like growth factor binding protein 7 (IGFBP7), have been extensively studied for their value in predicting AKI in various common clinical settings, such as sepsis, cardiac surgery, and contrast-induced AKI [8–11].