In the PITX2+/− deficient AF condition, the APD90 was shorter (233 ms [231, 240] to 179 ms [177, 183], p < 0.001), AF cycle length longer (135.62 ms [130.13, 154.04] to 152.62 ms [148.36, 182.41], p = 0.001), DF (7.025 Hz [6.085, 7.478] to 6.411 Hz [5.744, 6.693], p = 0.003) and Smax (0.785 [.644,0.973] to.531 [.411,0.646], p < 0.001) significantly lower than that in the wild-type AF condition (Figure 2). Here, PITX2 is linked to atrial fibrillation.