BGLAP and diabetes mellitus: Some of the plausible mechanisms behind diabetes mellitus associated bone deficits include hyperglycemia, increased production of advanced glycation end products (AGE), macrophage colony-stimulating factor, tumor necrosis factor (TNF), receptor activator of nuclear factor-B ligand (RANKL), and reduced expression of runt-related transcription factor (Runx)-2, osteocalcin, and osteopontin (7, 8).