TNF and diabetes mellitus: Excessive visceral fat distribution plays a crucial role in the development of hypertension as well as diabetes mellitus by increasing circulating levels of proinflammatory cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) and interleukin 6 (IL-6), and by worsening insulin sensitivity along with abnormal glucose regulation (Després and Lemieux, 2006; Lopes et al., 2016; Neeland et al., 2019).