For example, HSP90, HSP70, HSP60, HSP27, and HSF1 have been investigated as potential biomarkers for patient outcomes in multiple cancers, including lung cancer, breast cancer, CRC, pancreatic carcinoma, hepatocellular carcinoma, ovarian cancer, PC, and leukemia.112, 266, 332, 335, 385. This evidence concerns the gene HSPB1 and lung cancer.