INS and metabolic syndrome: Tables 1, 2; Supplementary Figure S1A indicated that the control group mice had the lowest ALT, TC, TG, LDL-C, HDL-C, UA, GLU, FBG, and INS serum levels, and the model group mice had the highest ALT, TC, TG, LDL-C, HDL-C, UA, GLU, FBG, and INS levels (p < 0.05). After the administration of salidroside, tyrosol, or hydroxytyrosol, the levels of ALT, TG, LDL-C, UA, GLU, FBG, and INS in metabolic syndrome mice significantly decreased (p < 0.05), while the level of TC only showed a downward trend.