In addition, genes linked to autophagy (BEC1, ATG10, ULK2, RB1CC1, MAP1LC3A, PIK3R4, PIK3C3), IL-17 receptor signaling cascades (RPS6KA1, IL17RB, IL17RC, ATF2, RPS6KA3, MAP2K4, Table 1, IL17RE), ALPK1 signaling (TAB2, Table 1, TRAF6, MAP3K7) and prostaglandin degradation (HPGD, EPHX2), were downregulated in active IBD compared with healthy subjects (Figure 2C). This evidence concerns the gene ATF2 and inflammatory bowel disease.