NFKB1 and colitis: ALKP1 is a cytosolic innate immune receptor for metabolic intermediates of LPS biosynthesis in Gram-negative bacteria and essential for activation of the NFkB protein complex.32 In animal models, ALKP1 promotes intestinal homeostasis by regulating the balance of TH1/17 immunity following microbial challenge and ALKP1 deficiency results in loss of anti-inflammatory properties and promotes colitis.33 Thus, the reduced ALKP1 signaling pathway score in our study suggests an impaired ability to maintain anti-inflammatory mechanisms, and thereby promote inflammation.