IL6 and anemia: Experimental animal studies have shown that hyperphosphatemia increases inflammation to intensify anemia and skeletal muscle wasting (Czaya et al., 2022); phosphate burden induces hepatic levels of IL-6 and IL-1β to enhance the expression of hepcidin, a potential causative link between hyperphosphatemia, anemia, and skeletal muscle dysfunction (Czaya et al., 2022).