In addition to KDEL-mediated enhancement of CSPG4 membrane localization, since elevated CSPG4 has also been involved in cell proliferation, survival, and ECM interactions by activating the Akt and Src pathways [24], we next evaluated the effects of BLR treatment on CSPG4's downstream targets under ischemic stroke. Here, AKT1 is linked to ischemic stroke.