Of note, TGF-β1 delivered by cancer-derived EVs also triggers the activation of stromal fibroblasts into cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) [151], which regulate ECM remodeling to create a TME favorable for tumor growth and metastasis (Table 1, also see “Stroma cell-derived EVs in TME” section). This evidence concerns the gene TGFB1 and cancer.