A similar fitness pattern was observed in strong growth-promoting genes such as MYC, MTOR and CDK12. The fitness of these large effect size genes was concordant with those identified as broadly essential in breast cancer cell lines propagated in vitro (Fig. 5a, middle panel shows gene-sensitive proportion of 25 breast cell lines from Cancer DepMap data set32, Fig. S10). This evidence concerns the gene CDK12 and breast carcinoma.