First,NIE-NPs were found to significantly stimulate the production of chemokineCXCL10 at the tumor site (Figure 3h), which was known to facilitate recruitment of Teff cells.32,33 This should be attributed tosustained release of R848, which is known to induce the productionof chemokines.34−36 We confirmed that the proportion of CD45+CD3+ and CD45+CD3+CD8+ T cells in the NIE-NPs-treated tumor tissue was substantially higherthan those from mice treated with endocytic CNIE-NPs or saline (Figures 3i and S17). This evidence concerns the gene CD8A and neoplasm.