High levels of several cytokines, including IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1), macrophage inflammatory protein-1 beta (MIP-1β), IFN-γ and TNF were reported during the acute phase of scrub typhus patients, and correlated with disease severity [14,17]. The gene discussed is CCL4; the disease is scrub typhus.