IFNG and diabetes mellitus: Our observations in vitro with human β cells cultured with IFN-γ corresponded to our findings in PD-L1–induced diabetes in mice: we found significant overlap in genes by rank-sum test (Spearman r = 0.655, P = 0.0001 for the top 100 genes and Spearman r = 0.625, P = 3.55 × 10–18 for the top 1000 genes) (Figure 6H).