Regarding the tumors, it has been well studied that CXCL9/10/11 (ligands for CXCR3) produced by macrophages and DCs, along with CCL5 (ligands for CCR5) secreted by tumor cells, are associated with T cell recruitment to the TME and a favorable response to chemotherapy and immunotherapy (41, 42). Here, CCL5 is linked to neoplasm.