Similar to what was observed for the proinflammatory cytokines, pathogen-specific TH1 and TH2 profiles associated with Shigella infection (all of whom had MSD, with or without dysentery) had higher levels of IL-2, IL-7, IL-15, IL-4, IL-13, and IL-10, but lower IL-5, compared to EPEC-infected children with diarrhea after adjustment for age and sex (Fig. 3, gray bars). The gene discussed is IL4; the disease is dysentery.