DKK1 and neoplasm: Finally, the fact that DKK1 is inducing a tolerogenic immune microenvironment in these tumours was supported by Nanostring gene expression data, which confirmed that Nicd/Akt/DKK1 tumours have reduced gene signatures associated with antigen presentation and costimulatory signalling compared to Nicd/Akt alone (p = .0014 and p = .0093 respectively) (Figure 3F).