T1DM is a chronic autoimmune condition where the immune system attacks the insulin producing beta cells in the pancreas resulting in the body producing very little or no insulin (Chiang et al., 2018; IDF 2021).Estimates for the annual increase in the KSA are as high as 16.8% (Abduljabbar et al., 2010), although a lack of available research means that the incidence may be under-estimated (IDF, 2021). The gene discussed is INS; the disease is type 1 diabetes mellitus.