In contrast, the association of higher levels of the ratio of HbAA and HbGA with mortalities of CVD and all-cause could be consistently observed among people with diabetes or pre-diabetes, suggesting that the combination of HbAA and HbGA was more important than focusing on the individual effect of HbAA or HbGA on the development of CVD among people with hyperglycemia. This evidence concerns the gene HBG1 and Hyperglycemia.