Severe COVID‐19 patients have elevated levels of inflammatory cytokines, including IL‐2, IL‐4, IL‐6, IL‐7, TNF‐α, IL‐10, GM‐CSF, and IFN, which may be associated with CS, many of them regulate the immune response and inflammation via the JAK/STAT pathway (Figure 3).8, 93, 94. This evidence concerns the gene TNF and Cowden syndrome 1.