HMGB1 and cancer: Kang et al. (2013) and Luan et al. (2017) indicated that HMGB1 acts as tumor suppressor in pancreatic cancer and endometrial carcinoma. Furthermore, higher mRNA expression of HMGB1 led to a positive prognosis in lung cancer patients (Tang et al., 2010; Wu et al., 2018). In addition, Niu et al. (2020) reported that overexpression of HMGB2 associated with longer OS in cancers including invasive breast carcinoma (BRCA), cervical squamous cell carcinoma/endocervical adenocarcinoma (CESC), LUSC, rectal adenocarcinoma (READ), stomach adenocarcinoma (STAD), and thyroid carcinoma (THCA).