TNF and Salmonella Infections: The induction of immune relevant cytokines and proteins, such as IL-1β, TNF-α, IFN-γ, IL-6, IL-10, IL-17, TLR 4, TLR 5, iNOS, TGF-β, K 60, Claudin-1, and Zona Occludens-1, following Salmonella infection of chickens have been studied previously (Van Immerseel et al., 2002; Withanage et al., 2004; Berndt et al., 2007; Ivanov et al., 2008; Crhanova et al., 2011; He, Genovese and Kogut, 2011; Matulova et al., 2012; Renu, Markazi, et al., 2020; Shanmugasundaram et al., 2021).