Overall, levels of miR-192/215-5p are down-regulated in cancers of various types (Table 2 and Fig. 2), yet up-regulated levels of miR-192/215-5p have been found in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) and gastric cancers (GCs) where these miRNAs also target tumor suppressors, such as mRNAs encoding the pro-apoptotic BIM protein in ESCC (Li et al. 2015c) or the important tumor suppressor RB Transcriptional Corepressor 1 (RB1) and RUNX Family Transcription Factor 1 (RUNX1) in GCs (Chen et al. 2017e; Li et al. 2016) (see also Table 3). Here, RB1 is linked to esophageal squamous cell carcinoma.