TGFB1 and glioma: Additionally, miR-21 can also direct several components of p53, TGF-β pathways, namely TAp63 (tumor suppressor homolog of p53), p53 activating cofactors and homologs, heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein K (HNPRK), key TGF-β factors such as TGF-β receptors, and proapoptotic death-domain-associated protein Daxx, leading to promotion of glioma cell proliferation and inhibition of apoptosis [95].