TNF-α interferes with fat metabolism and is an insulin antagonist.9 IL-6 and IL-1β are also antagonists of insulin activity.10 Increased levels of CRP lead to insulin resistance.11 IF-γ induces programmed cell death of pancreatic β cells.12 Further evidence and observational studies are available on the effect of periodontal therapy on glycemic control in diabetic patients.13-16. This evidence concerns the gene INS and Insulin resistance.