PCSK9 and atherosclerosis: PCSK9 inhibitors can increase LDLR expression by attenuating PCSK9 expression/function, leading to the lowering plasma LDL-C.248 In addition, it has been reported that inflammatory state could promote PCSK9 expression and increased PCSK9 would up-regulate LOX-1 expression, thus promoting oxLDL uptake and accelerating the progression of atherosclerosis.249,250 At present, there are three approved PCSK9 inhibitors, among which alirocumab and evolocumab are the full human monoclonal antibodies, and the third one, inclisiran, is a double-stranded siRNA.251,252