As shown in Fig. 5m–p and Supplementary Fig. 11, comparing with the control groups, treatment with URB + US not only increased the number of functional CD4+ T cells in tumor, including IFN-γ+CD4+ (Supplementary Fig. 11a) and TNF-α+CD4+ (Fig. 5m, n) T cells, but also elevated the number of functional CD8+ T cells, such as IFN-γ+CD8+ (Supplementary Fig. 11b), TNF-α+CD8+ (Fig. 5o, p) and GranzymeB+CD8+ (Supplementary Fig. 11c) T cells. Here, TNF is linked to neoplasm.