Based on the present studies and previous publications, CD11c+ cells seem to possess dual functions depending on genetic defects and existing microenvironments, and can be divided into 2 subgroups: (a) an antitumor subgroup with APC/T cell–stimulating/tumor-suppressive functions, and (b) a protumor subgroup with T cell–suppressive/tumor-stimulating functions. The gene discussed is ITGAX; the disease is neoplasm.