Cancer phenotypes were also associated with GDF15 levels, including malignant neoplasm of the respiratory system and intrathoracic organs (OR = 1.6, CI = 1.3–1.8, p-value = 0.0015) and malignant neoplasm of the bronchus and lung (OR = 1.6, CI = 1.3–1.9, p-value = 0.0029). This evidence concerns the gene GDF15 and cancer.