Sirtuin 1 (SIRT1), a NAD+-dependent histone deacetylase, has been reported to be an important regulator of metabolic control and mitochondrial biogenesis in a wide range of physiological processes and diseases (e.g. diabetes mellitus, aging and inflammatory diseases) and also identified as a probably promising therapeutic target to treat autoimmune diseases and reproductive failures [28–32]. This evidence concerns the gene SIRT1 and autoimmune disease.