In an effort to accurately diagnose PJI in a more timely manner, several previous studies examined the potential use of novel biomarkers such as CD4+ blood monocytes [19], α-defensin [20], leukocyte esterase [8], and calprotectin [21], and found that they had greater diagnostic value than traditional biomarkers, including CRP and ESR. The gene discussed is ESR1; the disease is juvenile polyposis syndrome.