TGFB1 and cancer: In the case of HPV-related tumors, eosinophils seem to act in synergy with the HPV infection, since they both contribute to creating a microenvironment with an immune-modulated phenotype by the elaboration of a Th2-type response and by the production of mediators including TGF-β1, MMPs, and proangiogenic factors (ex: VEGF), all involved in immunosuppression, carcinogenesis, and cancer progression [52, 53].