Here, we aimed to assess PD-L1 expression and CD8 + TILs density and their prognostic importance in a real-life cohort of patients with NSCLC resected after neoadjuvant chemo(radio)therapy compared to paired diagnostic samples and a biologically matched surgical cohort with primary resected advanced NSCLC. The gene discussed is CD274; the disease is non-small cell lung carcinoma.