SMAD3 and metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease: For example, genes, BMPR1B, TGFB2, TGFB1I1, SMAD3, NUAK1, and NUAK2 were downregulated in obese iPSCs in both control and palmitate treated cells compared to normal iPSCs also showed downregulation to varying degrees in NAFLD samples (Fig. S2B).