Bacteria-derived signals identified by PRRs can activate downstream inflammatory signaling pathways, including nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB), mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), and signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) which are all important pathways that bridge inflammation with cancer [30]. Here, NFKB1 is linked to cancer.