CCL3 and Sepsis: Yehya et al., 2019, recognizing sepsis as the most common cause of PARDS, used similar methods to define an endotype associated with poor outcomes from acute hypoxemic respiratory failure in septic children, identified by IL-8, C-C chemokine ligand 3 (CCL3), and heat shock protein 70 kDa 1B (HSPA1B), and age. The identifying characteristics were then tested in a PARDS cohort with good prediction of mortality (Yehya and Wong, 2018).