Interleukin-2 (IL-2), a cytokine that promotes T cell expansion and anti-tumor activity, was FDA-approved (as “aldesleukin”) for treating renal cell carcinoma (in 1992) and melanoma (in 1998).60 Despite its potential, it is notorious for its toxicity, leading to capillary leak syndrome and damaging organs, such as the heart and lungs.61 Due to its propensity to systemically expand T cell populations, IL-2 can be concomitantly administered to support adoptively transferred T cells. The gene discussed is IL2; the disease is renal cell carcinoma.