KLK3 and cancer: PSAW was significantly lower in the benign group (0.13 ng/ml/g) than in the TZ (0.24 ng/ml/g) and TZ+PZ (0.44 ng/ml/g) groups (both p < 0.001), but not the PZ group (0.15 ng/ml/g, p = 0.234, Figure 2D), possibly because most cancer nests remained in the PZ group, resulting in low postoperative percentage PSA reduction.