Monoclonal antibodies targeting CTLA-4 and PD-1/PD-L1 are now considered part of standard of care in multiple cancer types, including melanoma, Non-Small Cell lung cancer (NSCLC), renal cell carcinoma, head and neck cancer, urothelial cancer, Merkel cell carcinoma, mesothelioma, and Hodgkin lymphoma. The gene discussed is CD274; the disease is non-small cell lung carcinoma.