Recently, another study (76) has also revealed that immune checkpoints such as indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1 and PD-L1 co-expression could identify subjects with poor pathologic response and those having high risk of recurrence in ESCC after nCRT, suggesting that some patients may benefit from CRT combined with anti-PD-1/PD-L1 therapy. Here, CD274 is linked to esophageal squamous cell carcinoma.