Ilexgenin A, the main bioactive compound from Ilex hainanensis Merr., significantly inhibits inflammatory colitis of mice induced by azoxymethane/dextran sulfate sodium and reverses the metabolites associated with colorectal cancer, which might be mediated by reprogramed lipid metabolism of the HIF-1α/SREBP-1 pathway (158). The gene discussed is SREBF1; the disease is colorectal cancer.