Most importantly, EVs from miR-183-5p inhibitor-treated ACs alleviated AP and decreased the proportion of macrophages co-expressing CD68 and iNOS, while EVs that overexpressed miR-183-5p aggravated AP and increased the proportion of macrophages co-expressing CD68 and iNOS (Figures 6C, D). Here, NOS2 is linked to alkaline phosphatase measurement.