The increase in the Th1 specifying transcription factor T-bet and the Th1 chemokine receptor CXCR3 by IL-6 was unexpected but supports prior findings of increased IFN-γ secretion by in vitro differentiated Th1 cells following IL-6 pre-exposure (38) and could indicate a role for IL-6 in promoting pathogenic Th1-like Th17 cells in autoimmunity (51). The gene discussed is IFNG; the disease is Autoimmunity.