In contrast, CXCR5-PD-1hi T peripheral helper cells (Tph), a subset associated with progression to T1D (42) in autoantibody-positive children, only showed a transient significant reduction at week 4 post-treatment, which normalized to levels detected in the placebo group at later time points (Figure 6A). The gene discussed is CXCR5; the disease is type 1 diabetes mellitus.